{"id":94,"date":"2018-05-04T11:47:36","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T09:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/?page_id=94"},"modified":"2018-05-04T12:48:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T10:48:09","slug":"vs-rajec-nemcice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/vs-rajec-nemcice\/","title":{"rendered":"VS R\u00e1jec &#8211; N\u011bm\u010dice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 stanice R\u00e1jec-N\u011bm\u010dice<\/h1>\n<h2>N\u00e1zev objektu:<\/h2>\n<p>R\u00e1jec (R\u00e1jec-N\u011bm\u010dice)<\/p>\n<h2>Lokalita<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Drahansk\u00e1 vrchovina, 40 km severn\u011b od Brna, k.\u00fa. N\u011bm\u010dice,<\/li>\n<li>WGS 84: 49o26\u00b4 s.\u0161., 16o41\u00b4v.d., nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 620 m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cr.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cr-200x125.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Obdob\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>1976 &#8211; do sou\u010dasnosti<\/p>\n<h2>Zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 organizace<\/h2>\n<p>\u00dastav ekologie lesa, LDF MZLU Brno<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00edle projektu, \u00fa\u010del, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>V roce 1976 byla zalo\u017eena \u00dastavem ekologie lesa V\u0160Z v Brn\u011b (nyn\u00ed MZLU) v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fakolu \u201eDynamika ekologick\u00fdch faktor\u016f, tok hmoty a bioelement\u016f v prv\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje holose\u010de po sm\u00fdcen\u00ed smrkov\u00e9ho porostu\u201c v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 plocha \u201eR\u00e1jec\u201d zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na objasn\u011bn\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch vliv\u016f intenzivn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jednalo o sou\u010d\u00e1st projektu \u010d.85 UNESCO MAB \u201eEkologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky intenzivn\u00ed mechanizace a holose\u010d\u00ed v \u010dist\u00fdch smrkov\u00fdch les\u00edch na stanovi\u0161t\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek\u201c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ekologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky intenzivn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka na lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my na stanovi\u0161t\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek.<\/li>\n<li>Anal\u00fdza struktury, produkce a proces\u016f v um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00e9 monokultu\u0159e smrku.<br \/>\nEkologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed smrkov\u00fdch monokultur.<\/li>\n<li>Rizika rozpadu smrkov\u00fdch monokultur.<\/li>\n<li>Transformace smrkov\u00fdch monokultur a jejich ekonomick\u00e9 dopady \u2013 mo\u017enosti p\u0159estavby smrkov\u00e9 monokultury na les s p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhovou skladbou a bohat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strukturou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Charakteristika v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch aktivit<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Charakteristika stanovi\u0161t\u011b, mikroklima porostu, fixace slune\u010dn\u00ed energie v porostu a p\u016fdn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, stanoven\u00ed objemu slo\u017eek fytomasy, intenzita p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstu a kvalita d\u0159evn\u00ed hmoty, stanoven\u00ed rychlosti a objemu kolob\u011bhu bioelement\u016f mezi biosf\u00e9rou, porostem a p\u016fdou, bilance vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu, kvalita vod vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch z ekosyst\u00e9mu, charakter p\u016fdn\u00edch proces\u016f, biologick\u00e9 procesy p\u0159i dekompozici organick\u00fdch zbytk\u016f, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce, vliv zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed exhalacemi, fyziologick\u00e9 procesy strom\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed instituce<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010cSAV<\/li>\n<li>Projekty EFI (European Forest Institute)<\/li>\n<li>Recognition &#8211; Relationships Between Recent Changes of Growth and Nutrition of Norway Spruce, Scots Pine and European Beech Forests in Europe<\/li>\n<li>Conforest &#8211; The question of conversion of pure secondary Norway spruce forests on sites naturally dominated by broadleaves<\/li>\n<li>Institute of Forest Growth at the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Geografick\u00e9 a p\u016fdn\u00ed pom\u011bry<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 stanice R\u00e1jec-N\u011bm\u010dice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v geografick\u00e9m celku Drahansk\u00e9 vrchoviny. Je polo\u017eena na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm svahu rozvodn\u00e9ho h\u0159betu t\u00e1hnouc\u00edho se ve sm\u011bru S-J ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch 625 m n.m. Svah o d\u00e9lce asi 600 m kles\u00e1 od rozvodn\u00e9ho h\u0159betu (640 m) na v\u00fdchod p\u0159es zkoumanou plochu na \u00fadoln\u00ed nivu n\u011bm\u010dick\u00e9ho potoka, kter\u00e1 zde dosahuje v\u00fd\u0161ek 590-570 m. Na \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 stanice je pokryv svahovin, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed balvany o velikosti kolem 1 m. Mocnost svahovin kol\u00eds\u00e1 a v odkryvu je patrn\u00e9 dosti hlubok\u00e9 zv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed granodioritu bez poru\u0161en\u00ed struktury.<br \/>\nSvah, na kter\u00e9m je um\u00edst\u011bna v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 stanice, je mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretovat jako kryoplana\u010dn\u00ed terasu s mrazem rozvle\u010den\u00fdmi zv\u011btral\u00fdmi \u00falomky granodioritu.<\/p>\n<p>Po str\u00e1nce pedologick\u00e9 jsou na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho objektu p\u016fdy typu kysel\u00fdch kambizem\u00ed. P\u016fdn\u00ed profil je vytvo\u0159en na r\u016fzn\u011b mocn\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch svahoviny s vtrou\u0161en\u00fdm granodioritov\u00fdm \u0161t\u011brkem a pom\u00edstn\u011b i balvany. Zv\u011btralina granodioritu bez poru\u0161en\u00ed struktury, kter\u00e1 m\u00edsty vystupuje a\u017e do hloubky 40-50 cm, je pro prosakuj\u00edc\u00ed vodu dosti nepropustn\u00e1, co\u017e je i p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou ob\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u0159evlh\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu a m\u00edsty i oglejen\u00ed. Po str\u00e1nce zrnitostn\u00ed je v jemnozemi zastoupena dosti vysoko j\u00edlnat\u00e1 frakce (&lt; 0,01 mm) 38 a 45 % a lze proto ozna\u010dit tuto p\u016fdu jako hlinitou. Obsah \u010d\u00e1stic pod 0,002 mm kol\u00eds\u00e1 kolem 10 %.<br \/>\nJedn\u00e1 se o p\u016fdu kyselou, co\u017e je podm\u00edn\u011bno jednak charakterem mate\u010dn\u00e9 horniny, jednak charakterem organick\u00e9ho opadu. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota pH v H2O je ve vrstv\u011b H (A03) a A \u2013 3,8 a 3,7, ov\u0161em ani hlub\u0161\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed horizonty nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou hodnotu 4,5. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i nasycenost sorp\u010dn\u00edho komplexu je n\u00edzk\u00e1 a v pr\u016fm\u011bru \u010din\u00ed tato hodnota 13 % v horizontu A, 16 % v (B) a 43 % v hlub\u0161\u00edch horizontech (B) Cd. Humus je akumulov\u00e1n p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v horizontu A (12 %) a pak prudce kles\u00e1 na 2 a 1 % v hlub\u0161\u00edch horizontech. Z v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u011b poutan\u00fdch kationt\u016f nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed m\u00e1 Ca 1,5-3,0 mekv\/100g. Pom\u011br obsahu fulvokyselin a huminov\u00fdch kyselin je vyrovn\u00e1n a to zejm\u00e9na v povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b profilu. U voln\u00fdch kysli\u010dn\u00edk\u016f \u017eeleza a hlin\u00edku je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat m\u00edrn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti horizontu (B).<br \/>\nPo str\u00e1nce fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f nen\u00ed charakter profilu optim\u00e1ln\u00ed z hlediska produkce lesn\u00edch d\u0159evin. M\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b omezenou fyziologickou hloubku nepropustnou vrstvou granodioritov\u00e9 zv\u011btraliny, kter\u00e1 m\u00edsty vystupuje a\u017e na 50 cm hloubky profilu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prostor rhizosf\u00e9ry strom\u016f je omezen na vrstvu svahoviny, kter\u00e1 je pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161t\u011brkovit\u00e1. P\u00f3rovitost kles\u00e1 dosti zna\u010dn\u011b ji\u017e ve 40 cm (na 35 %). Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1 m\u011brn\u00e1 hmotnost, kter\u00e1 v miner\u00e1ln\u00edch horizontech dosahuje hodnoty 2,72.<\/p>\n<h2>Klimatick\u00e9 charakteristiky<\/h2>\n<p>Po str\u00e1nce klimatick\u00e9 lze za\u0159adit \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 stanice do oblasti m\u00edrn\u011b tepl\u00e9 a m\u00edrn\u011b vlhk\u00e9.<br \/>\nPr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teploty vzduchu ve \u00b0C<br \/>\nI. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII IX. X. XI. XII. rok<br \/>\n-3,7 -0,8 1,5 6,0 11,0 14,0 15,7 16,0 12,0 7,2 1,9 -1,7 6,6<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 \u00fahrnn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky v mm<br \/>\nI. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII IX. X. XI. XII. rok<br \/>\n37,6 34,4 44,9 49,2 70,3 82,6 87,4 73,8 57,4 58,0 43,0 43,4 683<\/p>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 objekty<\/h2>\n<p>Paseka<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fdtn\u00ed porost<\/p>\n<p>Mlad\u00e1 bu\u010dina<\/p>\n<p>Star\u00fd sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd porost<\/p>\n<p>\u0160kolka<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-195 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/rajec.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"456\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/rajec.jpg 456w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/rajec-143x300.jpg 143w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/rajec-95x200.jpg 95w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 stanice R\u00e1jec-N\u011bm\u010dice N\u00e1zev objektu: R\u00e1jec (R\u00e1jec-N\u011bm\u010dice) Lokalita Drahansk\u00e1 vrchovina, 40 km severn\u011b od Brna, k.\u00fa. N\u011bm\u010dice, WGS 84: 49o26\u00b4 s.\u0161., 16o41\u00b4v.d., nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 620 m Obdob\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed 1976 &#8211; do sou\u010dasnosti Zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 organizace \u00dastav ekologie lesa, LDF MZLU Brno C\u00edle projektu, \u00fa\u010del, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed V roce 1976 byla zalo\u017eena \u00dastavem ekologie lesa V\u0160Z v Brn\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":196,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94\/revisions\/196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}