{"id":83,"date":"2018-05-04T11:42:56","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T09:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/?page_id=83"},"modified":"2018-05-04T12:44:56","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T10:44:56","slug":"primarni-produkce-sekundarni-produkce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/vymena-energii-latek-a-informaci-v-lesnich-ekosystemech\/primarni-produkce-sekundarni-produkce\/","title":{"rendered":"Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; podstatou prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce je fotosynt\u00e9za a z\u00e1kladn\u00edm projevem je fixace (pout\u00e1n\u00ed, asimilace, p\u0159\u00edjem) oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho &#8211; z\u00e1kladem trofick\u00e9 pyramidy terestrick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f jsou producenti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-182 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/zakladni_charakteristika_vyzivy_autotrofu_a_heterotrofu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/zakladni_charakteristika_vyzivy_autotrofu_a_heterotrofu.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/zakladni_charakteristika_vyzivy_autotrofu_a_heterotrofu-300x266.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/zakladni_charakteristika_vyzivy_autotrofu_a_heterotrofu-200x178.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Fotosynt\u00e9za:<\/h2>\n<p>6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; je procesem p\u0159em\u011bn z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 energie Slunce na energii chemick\u00fdch vazeb v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkci organick\u00e9 hmoty<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; sv\u011bteln\u00e1 f\u00e1ze (fotochemick\u00fd proces, Hillova reakce)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; temnostn\u00ed f\u00e1ze<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; energie obsa\u017een\u00e1 v t\u011bchto vazb\u00e1ch je nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k synt\u00e9ze slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek, r\u016fstu organizm\u016f a k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech jejich \u017eivotn\u00edch reakc\u00ed, a to i v dal\u0161\u00edch funk\u010dn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch organizm\u016f v r\u00e1mci potravn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a s\u00edt\u00ed (konzumenti v\u0161ech \u0159\u00e1d\u016f, destruenti, reducenti aj.).<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed fotosynt\u00e9zu (vnit\u0159n\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) (obr. 1, 2, 3,)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-184 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_a_sekundarni_produkce_fotosynteza.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_a_sekundarni_produkce_fotosynteza.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_a_sekundarni_produkce_fotosynteza-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_a_sekundarni_produkce_fotosynteza-200x167.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fotosyntetick\u00e1 aktivita jako fyziologick\u00fd d\u011bj spole\u010dn\u011b s respirac\u00ed, transpirac\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edjmem a utilizac\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch iont\u016f, reakc\u00ed pr\u016fduch\u016f, sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm metabolismem N a distribuc\u00ed asimil\u00e1t\u016f je slo\u017ekou produk\u010dn\u00ed aktivity.<\/p>\n<h2>\nProdukce<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; syntetick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce asimiluj\u00edc\u00ed rostliny v porostu<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; lze ji vyj\u00e1d\u0159it mno\u017estv\u00edm vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 su\u0161iny nebo jej\u00ed definovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Produktivita<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; v\u00fdkon ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed su\u0161iny<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; je p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek produkce za obdob\u00ed &#8211; proces tvorby biomasy za jist\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vzta\u017eena na jednotku plochy porostu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Biomasa<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; nebo v\u00e1ha su\u0161iny se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u00fd stav tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st produkce<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; hmotnost su\u0161iny \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b jejich ne\u017eiv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed &#8211; fytonekromasa) v dan\u00e9m \u010dase na ur\u010dit\u00e9m stanovi\u0161ti \/ v ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; kJ\/m2 nebo t\/ha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Produk\u010dn\u00ed ekologie<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-186\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/produkce.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/produkce.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/produkce-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/produkce-200x157.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produktivita je rychlost, jakou je produkov\u00e1na biomasa rostlinami (nap\u0159. kJ\/m2\/rok).<br \/>\nPrim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce je energie, kterou v ekosyst\u00e9mu poutaj\u00ed producenti<\/li>\n<li>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produktivita je rychlost, jakou je produkov\u00e1na biomasa heterotrofn\u00edmi organismy.<br \/>\nSekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce je vlastn\u00ed biomasa konzument\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hrub\u00e1 produkce (brutto) &#8211; gross production PG je teoretick\u00e1 hodnota, zahrnuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed biomasu, ztr\u00e1ty d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 R ztr\u00e1ty_d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm_R , opadem, okusem zv\u00ed\u0159at\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Hrub\u00e1 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produktivita \u2013 v\u0161e co rostlina vyprodukuje<br \/>\nHrub\u00e1 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce \u2013 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 energie poutan\u00e1 producenty do organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/p>\n<p>\u010cist\u00e1 produkce (netto) \u2013 net production PN je \u010dist\u00fd p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek su\u0161iny, v\u010d. ztr\u00e1t p\u0159i ode\u010dten\u00ed respirace<br \/>\nPN = PG \u2013 R<br \/>\n\u010cist\u00e1 prim. produktivita \u2013 mno\u017e.vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 energie vyprodukovan\u00e9 v E rostlinami za rok<br \/>\n\u010cist\u00e1 p\u0159im.produkce \u2013 p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek biomasy<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-187 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vynos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vynos.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vynos-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vynos-200x193.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdnos<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; produkce biomasy, pro kterou byl dan\u00fd druh nebo porost kultivov\u00e1n<\/p>\n<h2>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkci:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; jako u fotosynt\u00e9zy + herbivorie, mykorhiza, disturbance \u2026.<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed &#8211; CO2<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; \u017eiviny a voda<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; teplota<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-188 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/faktory_ovlivnujici_primarni_produkci.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/faktory_ovlivnujici_primarni_produkci.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/faktory_ovlivnujici_primarni_produkci-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/faktory_ovlivnujici_primarni_produkci-200x185.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; u suchozemsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstev \u2013 limituj\u00edc\u00ed nedostatek vody a n\u00edzk\u00e1 teplota<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; u vodn\u00edch spole\u010denstev \u2013 limituj\u00edc\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji \u017eiviny (dus\u00edk, fosfor) a sv\u011btlo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-189\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/\u00a8produkce_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/\u00a8produkce_.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/\u00a8produkce_-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/\u00a8produkce_-200x167.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produktivita v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; u suchozemsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstev 110-120 x 109 t su\u0161iny za rok<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; u mo\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010denstev 50-60 x 109 t su\u0161iny za rok<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce temper\u00e1tn\u00edho opadav\u00e9ho lesa<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; \u010dist\u00e1 PP- 10 t \/ha rok<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; produkce nadzemn\u00ed biomasy DB-HB lesa 4-20 t\/ha \u2013 dle p\u016fdn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; celkov\u00e1 nadzemn\u00ed biomasa &gt; podzemn\u00ed biomasa<\/li>\n<li>(120-300 \/ 30-80 t\/h) \u2013 opa\u010dn\u011b pro bylinn\u00e9 patro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-190 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_produkce_opadaveho_lesa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_produkce_opadaveho_lesa.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_produkce_opadaveho_lesa-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/primarni_produkce_opadaveho_lesa-175x200.jpg 175w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Produkce spole\u010denstva<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; hrub\u00e1 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce spole\u010denstva PPG = PPN + \uf0e5R<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed produkci spole\u010denstva:<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky (teplota, sr\u00e1\u017eky)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; \u00fa\u017eivnost stanovi\u0161t\u011b &#8211; st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spole\u010denstva (sukcese) &#8211; asimila\u010dn\u00ed apar\u00e1t (LAI, \u017eivotnost list\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch i hospod\u00e1\u0159sky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech z\u00e1vis\u00ed biomasa a produkce p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f biotick\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu:<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; druhu d\u0159eviny, v\u011bku porost\u016f, struktu\u0159e porost\u016f, mno\u017estv\u00ed a druhu herbivor\u016f<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; jednotliv\u00e9 d\u0159eviny se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem produkce (zejm\u00e9na u n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u0159evin introdukovan\u00fdch)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; mno\u017estv\u00ed biomasy v lesn\u00edch porostech obecn\u011b stoup\u00e1 se st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a z\u00e1pojem porostu; \u010dist\u00e1 produkce v\u0161ak u stejnov\u011bk\u00fdch porost\u016f pom\u011brn\u011b brzy kulminuje a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku (40 a v\u00edce let) kles\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce &#8211; podstatou prim\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce je fotosynt\u00e9za a z\u00e1kladn\u00edm projevem je fixace (pout\u00e1n\u00ed, asimilace, p\u0159\u00edjem) oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho &#8211; z\u00e1kladem trofick\u00e9 pyramidy terestrick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f jsou producenti Fotosynt\u00e9za: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 &#8211; je procesem p\u0159em\u011bn z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 energie Slunce na energii chemick\u00fdch vazeb v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":76,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":191,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83\/revisions\/191"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}