{"id":50,"date":"2018-05-04T11:25:51","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T09:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/?page_id=50"},"modified":"2018-05-04T12:05:58","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T10:05:58","slug":"teplota","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/les-a-abioticke-slozky\/teplota\/","title":{"rendered":"Teplota"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Teplota<\/h1>\n<p>= jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch parametr\u016f fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed aktivitu a projevy organizm\u016f<br \/>\n&#8211; je ur\u010dov\u00e1na slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, tj. radia\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimem a d\u00e1le tepeln\u00fdmi vlastnostmi prost\u0159ed\u00ed (pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed, akumulace, veden\u00ed a vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed)<br \/>\np\u0159\u00edklad 1 p\u0159\u00edklad 2<\/p>\n<h2>Teplotn\u00ed re\u017eim<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>= sez\u00f3nn\u00ed a periodick\u00e9 zm\u011bny teploty lokality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 rostlina m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst a reprodukovat se jen v ur\u010dit\u00fdch mez\u00edch teploty (r\u016fzn\u00e9 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy). Pro asimilaci je u vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rostlin uva\u017eov\u00e1no jako tepeln\u00e9 minimum \u2013 hranice 1 a\u017e 5\u00b0C, optimum je zpravidla mezi 20 \u2013 30\u00b0C a horn\u00ed limit pak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed teploty mezi 30 \u2013 50\u00b0C.<br \/>\nV\u00fdznamn\u00e9 i extr\u00e9my \u2013 nap\u0159. v\u00fdskyt pozdn\u00edch a \u010dasn\u00fdch mraz\u016f (r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u0159eviny r\u016fzn\u011b citliv\u00e9) a d\u00e9lka p\u016fsoben\u00ed (nad optimem teploty se r\u016fst zpomaluje a po dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty ust\u00e1v\u00e1).<br \/>\nJako ekologicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je i d\u00e9lka vegeta\u010dn\u00ed doby, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det dn\u016f, kdy je denn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota alespo\u0148 10\u00b0C. Pro existenci lesn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu je nutn\u00e1 jej\u00ed d\u00e9lka alespo\u0148 1 m\u011bs\u00edc, listnat\u00fd opadav\u00fd les vy\u017eaduje alespo\u0148 4 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed trv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-128 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/jarni_aspekt_teplotni_rezim.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/jarni_aspekt_teplotni_rezim.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/jarni_aspekt_teplotni_rezim-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/jarni_aspekt_teplotni_rezim-132x200.jpg 132w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Teplotn\u00ed sumy za vegeta\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed teplotn\u00ed_sumy_za_vegeta\u010dn\u00ed_obdob\u00ed jsou charakteristick\u00e9 pro v\u00fdskyt zon\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010denstev. Izoterma izoterma s pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou 10\u00b0C ur\u010duje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b hranici stromov\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.<\/p>\n<p>Na teplotu se v lesn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce rostlinstva &#8211; transpirace transpirace, asimilace asimilace a d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-129 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vztah_mezi_teplotou.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vztah_mezi_teplotou.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vztah_mezi_teplotou-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/vztah_mezi_teplotou-200x148.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-130 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/raseni_teplota.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/raseni_teplota.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/raseni_teplota-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/raseni_teplota-200x136.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zde odkaz na \u010d\u00e1st B \u2013 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v R\u00e1jci (popis, fotky, v\u00fdsledky\u2026)<\/p>\n<h2>Teplota p\u016fdy:<\/h2>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 p\u016fda teplo pohlcuje, akumuluje, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a vyza\u0159uje. Rozli\u0161ujeme tepeln\u00fd tepeln\u00fd_re\u017eim_p\u016fdy a teplotn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed_re\u017eim_p\u016fdy re\u017eim p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n<p>Zamrz\u00e1n\u00ed a proh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy &#8211; rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj rostlin.<\/p>\n<h2>Organismy ve vztahu k teplot\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>podle vztahu k teplot\u011b (d\u0159\u00edve):<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211; organismy homoiotermn\u00ed (zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed si p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b st\u00e1lou t\u011blesnou teplotu i p\u0159i teplotn\u00edch v\u00fdkyvech prost\u0159ed\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; poikilotermn\u00ed (maj\u00ed t\u011blesnou teplotu nest\u00e1lou, v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00e1vislou na teplot\u011b okol\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>= m\u00e1 nedostatky (klasi\u010dt\u00ed z\u00e1stupci homoiotermn\u00edch organism\u016f, nap\u0159. n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed savci, v dob\u011b hibernace \u010dili zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku svou t\u011blesnou teplotu sni\u017euj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed poikilotermn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 (nap\u0159. antarktick\u00e9 ryby) disponuj\u00ed velmi stabiln\u00ed t\u011blesnou teplotou, proto\u017ee teplota okol\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 konstantn\u00ed apod.)\n<p>podle vztahu k teplot\u011b (nyn\u00ed):<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; organizmy endotermn\u00ed (reguluj\u00ed svou t\u011blesnou teplotu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm tepla ve vlastn\u00edm t\u011ble)<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; ektotermn\u00ed (jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u00edch tepla)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-132\" src=\"http:\/\/helix.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/organismy_ve_vztahu_k_teplote.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/organismy_ve_vztahu_k_teplote.jpg 490w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/organismy_ve_vztahu_k_teplote-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/organismy_ve_vztahu_k_teplote-150x200.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teplota = jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch parametr\u016f fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed aktivitu a projevy organizm\u016f &#8211; je ur\u010dov\u00e1na slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, tj. radia\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimem a d\u00e1le tepeln\u00fdmi vlastnostmi prost\u0159ed\u00ed (pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed, akumulace, veden\u00ed a vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed) p\u0159\u00edklad 1 p\u0159\u00edklad 2 Teplotn\u00ed re\u017eim = sez\u00f3nn\u00ed a periodick\u00e9 zm\u011bny teploty lokality. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 rostlina m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst a reprodukovat se jen v ur\u010dit\u00fdch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":39,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":137,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50\/revisions\/137"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/oryx\/les_jako_ekosystem\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}