Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je \u0159ada \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f (\u0160O) regulov\u00e1na fytosanit\u00e1rn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy EU a v n\u00e1vaznosti i fytosanit\u00e1rn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy \u010cR. N\u011bkter\u00e9 tyto \u0160O se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed a jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost je pravideln\u011b monitorov\u00e1na a n\u011bkter\u00e9 naopak potvrzeny nejsou, ale jsou pro na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 a jejich zavle\u010den\u00ed by mohlo v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm materi\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m. Za kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdkon \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed ochrany proti zavl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto organism\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR zodpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed \u00fastav zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd (\u00daKZ\u00daZ). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dnem 15. 1. 2020 nabyl \u00fa\u010dinnosti z\u00e1kon \u010d. 369\/2019 Sb.<\/a>, kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d. 326\/2004 Sb., o rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di a o zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f<\/a>. V souvislosti s na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2016\/2031, o ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organism\u016fm rostlin<\/a> a dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edmo platn\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU, doch\u00e1z\u00ed v z\u00e1kon\u011b o rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di k podstatn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v oblasti regulace \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a chorob rostlin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni je tato problematika d\u00e1le upravov\u00e1na prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edmi vyhl\u00e1\u0161kami. A v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b karant\u00e9nn\u00edch, ale dosud neregulovan\u00fdch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 fytosanit\u00e1rn\u00ed riziko, jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed EU proti jejich zavl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V \u010cR jsou v tomto sm\u011bru vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1na Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00daKZ\u00daZ. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace najdete zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na n\u011bkter\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 \u0160O se vztahuje tzv. ohla\u0161ovac\u00ed povinnost, co\u017e ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 fyzick\u00fdm osob\u00e1m v\u0161eobecnou povinnost ohl\u00e1sit podez\u0159en\u00ed na v\u00fdskyt \u0160O podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm EU, resp. na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u00daKZ\u00daZ. Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 na \u00daKZ\u00daZ, a to na p\u0159\u00edmo Sekci osiv, sadby a zdrav\u00ed rostlin. P\u0159i zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu na\u0159izuje \u00daKZ\u00daZ v p\u0159\u00edpadech pot\u0159eby mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl eradikovat v\u00fdskyt a zabr\u00e1nit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed organismu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dle platn\u00e9 legislativy jsou \u0161kodliv\u00e9 organismy (d\u0159\u00edve karant\u00e9nn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 organismy) nov\u011b p\u0159e\u0159azeny do \u010dty\u0159 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch kategori\u00ed:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n 1. KARANT\u00c9NN\u00cd \u0160KODLIV\u00c9 ORGANISMY PRO EU (K\u0160O EU)<\/strong> \u2013 jsou zastoupeny jednak v \u010c\u00e1sti A: \u0160kodliv\u00e9 organismy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt nen\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Unie zn\u00e1m a d\u00e1le v \u010c\u00e1sti B: \u0160kodliv\u00e9 organismy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt je na \u00fazem\u00ed Unie zn\u00e1m. V\u00edce v P\u0159\u00edloze II.<\/a> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n 2<\/strong>. PRIORITN\u00cd \u0160KODLIV\u00c9 ORGANISMY<\/strong> \u2013 jsou K\u0160O pro Unii, o nich\u017e nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by se na \u00fazem\u00ed Unie vyskytovaly, nebo je o nich zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se vyskytuj\u00ed bu\u010f na omezen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed, nebo ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch, nepravideln\u00fdch, izolovan\u00fdch a \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00fdskytu na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed, d\u00e1le jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd, environment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad je pro \u00fazem\u00ed Unie mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a jsou uvedeny na seznamu prioritn\u00edch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f. Podrobn\u011bji v Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed komise v p\u0159enesen\u00e9 pravomoci (EU) 2019\/1702.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n 3. <\/strong> KARANT\u00c9NN\u00cd \u0160KODLIV\u00c9 ORGANISMY PRO CHR\u00c1N\u011aN\u00c9 Z\u00d3NY (K\u0160O CHZ)<\/strong> \u2013 kde jsou uvedeny chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 K\u0160O pro uveden\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. V\u00edce v P\u0159\u00edloze III.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n 4. REGULOVAN\u00c9 <\/strong> NEKARANT\u00c9NN\u00cd \u0160KODLIV\u00c9 ORGANISMY<\/strong> PRO EU (RN\u0160O)<\/strong> \u2013 jsou organismy uveden\u00e9 v Seznamu regulovan\u00fdch nekarant\u00e9nn\u00edch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f pro Unii (RN\u0160O) a ur\u010dit\u00fdch rostlin k p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed s kategoriemi a prahov\u00fdmi hodnotami. V\u00edce v P\u0159\u00edloze IV.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n D\u00e1le jsou uveden\u00e9 informace k jednotliv\u00fdm karant\u00e9nn\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organism\u016fm. Nen\u00ed zde zachov\u00e1no rozd\u011blen\u00ed dle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 priority, ale z d\u016fvod\u016f snaz\u0161\u00edho dohled\u00e1n\u00ed jsme zvolili rozd\u011blen\u00ed do jednotliv\u00fdch taxonomick\u00fdch skupin tak, jak je i u ostatn\u00edch organism\u016f uveden\u00fdch v Atlase po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u0159evin. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f nem\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev, ale spolu s v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy jsou zde v hranat\u00e9 z\u00e1vorce uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 tzv. EPPO k\u00f3dy. Toto je k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro rostliny a patogeny, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nahrazuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy, ty se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed a k\u00f3dy tak p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed nahrazuj\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se v\u011bdeck\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy. U jednotliv\u00fdch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch organism\u016f nem\u00e1me vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost a ani fotodokumentaci, proto zde vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me odkazy na odborn\u00e9 specializovan\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n