{"id":2841,"date":"2020-02-23T18:10:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T17:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/?page_id=2841"},"modified":"2024-11-06T13:31:40","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T12:31:40","slug":"chroust-obecny","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/chroust-obecny\/","title":{"rendered":"chroust obecn\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Melolontha melolontha<\/em><\/strong><strong> (Linnaeus, 1758) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TAXONOMICK\u00c9 ZA\u0158AZEN\u00cd:<br>\u0158\u00e1d: brouci (Coleoptera)<br>\u010cele\u010f: vrubounovit\u00ed (Scarabaeidae)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HOSTITELSK\u00c9 D\u0158EVINY: <\/strong>sv\u016fj \u017e\u00edr prod\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed brouci na v\u00edce ne\u017e 120 druz\u00edch listnat\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00edp. jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch (mod\u0159\u00edn) d\u0159evin. K&nbsp;obl\u00edben\u00e9 potrav\u011b ponrav pat\u0159\u00ed vedle ko\u0159en\u016f listnat\u00fdch a jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch d\u0159evin tak\u00e9 ko\u0159eny trav, obilnin, p\u00edcnin, \u0159epy, bramboru apod. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>POPIS DRUHU: <\/strong>chrousti jsou statn\u00ed brouci s&nbsp;hn\u011bd\u00fdmi, kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ilehle ochlupen\u00fdmi krovkami. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 krovce jsou z\u0159eteln\u00e1 4 \u017eebra. Tmav\u00e1 hlava nese v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u00e1 tykadlla. Konec zade\u010dku je prota\u017een v&nbsp;tzv. pygidium. Jejich velikost se pohybuje v&nbsp;pr\u016fm\u011bru od 20\u201330 mm. Larvy, tzv. ponravy, dor\u016fstaj\u00ed velikosti 50 mm. Jsou masit\u00e9, b\u011blav\u011b na\u017eloutl\u00e9 a obloukovit\u011b zak\u0159iven\u00e9. Hlava je leskle hn\u011bd\u00e1 s&nbsp;dob\u0159e patrn\u00fdmi tykadly a hrudn\u00edmi kon\u010detinami. 3. p\u00e1r noh je nejdel\u0161\u00ed. Zade\u010dek je zakon\u010den 2 zbytn\u011bl\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n#foogallery-gallery-3508 .fg-image { width: 560px; }\n#foogallery-gallery-3508 { --fg-gutter: 10px; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"foogallery foogallery-container foogallery-default foogallery-lightbox-none fg-left fg-default fg-ready fg-light fg-border-thin fg-shadow-outline fg-loading-default fg-loaded-fade-in fg-caption-always fg-hover-fade fg-hover-zoom\" id=\"foogallery-gallery-3508\" data-foogallery=\"{&quot;item&quot;:{&quot;showCaptionTitle&quot;:false,&quot;showCaptionDescription&quot;:true},&quot;lazy&quot;:true}\" style=\"--fg-title-line-clamp: 0; --fg-description-line-clamp: 0;\" >\n\t<div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/001-ponravy.jpg\" data-caption-title=\"Ponravy, 2005.\" data-caption-desc=\"Ponravy, 2005.\" data-attachment-id=\"4560\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Ponravy, 2005.\" width=\"560\" height=\"430\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2024\/11\/001-ponravy\/3584348218.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22560%22%20height%3D%22430%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20560%20430%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><div class=\"fg-caption-desc\">Ponravy, 2005.<\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/002-brouk.jpg\" data-caption-title=\"Brouk, 2007.\" data-caption-desc=\"Brouk, 2007.\" data-attachment-id=\"4561\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Brouk, 2007.\" width=\"560\" height=\"430\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2024\/11\/002-brouk\/3672386184.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22560%22%20height%3D%22430%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20560%20430%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><div class=\"fg-caption-desc\">Brouk, 2007.<\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EKOLOGIE DRUHU:<\/strong> brouci se objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e od dubna (v&nbsp;teplej\u0161\u00edch oblastech) \u010di za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna do \u010dervna. Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed masov\u011b nal\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed do sv\u00fdch \u017e\u00edrovi\u0161\u0165, kde mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kody. Po zralostn\u00edm \u017e\u00edru oplodn\u011bn\u00e9 sami\u010dky vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9 plochy s&nbsp;n\u00edzkou vegetac\u00ed. Na vhodn\u00fdch m\u00edstech se zahrab\u00e1vaj\u00ed do zem\u011b, kde v&nbsp;hloubce 10\u201325 cm kladou \u0161pinav\u011b b\u00edl\u00e1 a\u017e \u017elutav\u00e1, pod\u00e9ln\u011b ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Pot\u00e9 se op\u011bt vrac\u00ed na hostitelsk\u00e9 d\u0159eviny, kde pokra\u010duj\u00ed v&nbsp;\u017e\u00edru. Po jeho ukon\u010den\u00ed odl\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed kl\u00e1st druhou, m\u00e9n\u011b po\u010detnou sn\u016f\u0161ku vaj\u00ed\u010dek. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed brouci hynou. Na p\u0159elomu \u010dervna a \u010dervence se l\u00edhnou ponravy, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b jemn\u00fdmi ko\u0159\u00ednky. Odrostlej\u0161\u00ed ponravy konzumuj\u00ed ten\u010d\u00ed ko\u0159\u00ednky v\u010detn\u011b d\u0159eva a na siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ko\u0159enech ohlod\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u016fru. V&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na klimatu trv\u00e1 jejich v\u00fdvoj&nbsp; nej\u010dast\u011bji 3\u20134 roky. V\u011bt\u0161ina ponrav se po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdvoje kukl\u00ed v&nbsp;hloubce 30\u201340 cm. Nov\u00fd brouci se l\u00edhnou koncem l\u00e9ta, av\u0161ak kukelnou kom\u016frku opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed a\u017e na ja\u0159e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00ddZNAM DRUHU: <\/strong>brouci o\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed listy od okraj\u016f v\u010detn\u011b nervatury. P\u0159i siln\u00e9m v\u00fdskytu mohou zp\u016fsobit holo\u017e\u00edry, kdy na stromech z list\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze st\u0159edov\u00e9 \u017eilky. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed gradace a n\u00e1sledn\u011b&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0161kody ovliv\u0148uje d\u00e9lka jejich v\u00fdvoje. Larvy mohou sv\u00fdm \u017e\u00edrem na ko\u0159enech v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kodit d\u0159eviny do st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 10 let; nap\u0159. ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n#foogallery-gallery-3509 .fg-image { width: 560px; }\n#foogallery-gallery-3509 { --fg-gutter: 10px; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"foogallery foogallery-container foogallery-default foogallery-lightbox-none fg-left fg-default fg-ready fg-light fg-border-thin fg-shadow-outline fg-loading-default fg-loaded-fade-in fg-caption-always fg-hover-fade fg-hover-zoom\" id=\"foogallery-gallery-3509\" data-foogallery=\"{&quot;item&quot;:{&quot;showCaptionTitle&quot;:false,&quot;showCaptionDescription&quot;:true},&quot;lazy&quot;:true}\" style=\"--fg-title-line-clamp: 0; --fg-description-line-clamp: 0;\" >\n\t<div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/003-kalamitni-vyskyt.jpg\" data-caption-title=\"Kalamitn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt, 2007.\" data-caption-desc=\"Kalamitn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt, 2007.\" data-attachment-id=\"4562\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Kalamitn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt, 2007.\" width=\"560\" height=\"430\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2024\/11\/003-kalamitni-vyskyt\/3511714301.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22560%22%20height%3D%22430%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20560%20430%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><div class=\"fg-caption-desc\">Kalamitn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt, 2007.<\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/004-totalni-holozir.jpg\" data-caption-title=\"Holo\u017e\u00edr, 2008.\" data-caption-desc=\"Holo\u017e\u00edr, 2008.\" data-attachment-id=\"4563\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Holo\u017e\u00edr, 2008.\" width=\"560\" height=\"430\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2024\/11\/004-totalni-holozir\/1343393817.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22560%22%20height%3D%22430%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20560%20430%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><div class=\"fg-caption-desc\">Holo\u017e\u00edr, 2008.<\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus, 1758) TAXONOMICK\u00c9 ZA\u0158AZEN\u00cd:\u0158\u00e1d: brouci (Coleoptera)\u010cele\u010f: vrubounovit\u00ed (Scarabaeidae) HOSTITELSK\u00c9 D\u0158EVINY: sv\u016fj \u017e\u00edr prod\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2841","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2841"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3708,"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2841\/revisions\/3708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rumex.mendelu.cz\/atlasposkozenidrevin\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}